What are symptoms of PCOS?
Short answer: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly causes irregular or absent menstrual periods, signs of elevated androgens (such as excess facial or body hair and acne), and metabolic issues like weight gain and insulin resistance. Many people also have polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound and may experience fertility difficulties.
Explanation
PCOS is a hormonal disorder characterized by a combination of reproductive, dermatologic, and metabolic features. Reproductive signs include oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods) or amenorrhea (no periods) and difficulty conceiving. Hyperandrogenism produces hirsutism (coarse hair growth on the face, chest, or back), acne, and androgenic alopecia (thinning scalp hair). Metabolic manifestations include central weight gain, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. On pelvic ultrasound, ovaries may show multiple small follicles (“polycystic” appearance), but imaging alone is not diagnostic. Presentation varies widely; not everyone has every symptom.
Tips
- Track menstrual patterns and any sudden changes in hair growth, acne, or weight for medical review.
- Maintain a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and weight management to improve insulin sensitivity.
- Discuss blood tests (androgens, glucose, lipids) and pelvic ultrasound with a clinician for evaluation.
- Treatment options include lifestyle measures, hormonal contraceptives for cycle regulation, insulin-sensitizing medications, and targeted treatments for hirsutism or fertility as needed.
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